Humidity and sag resistant building panel

ABSTRACT

Described herein is a stain and sag resistant acoustic building panel comprising a porous body formed from building material and latex binder, wherein the building material may include fibers and filler and at one of the building materials has been pre-treated with a charge-modifying component, thereby enhancing the sag-resistance of the building panel.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional application of U.S. Non-Provisionalapplication Ser. No. 16/813,568, filed Mar. 9, 2020, which is adivisional application of U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No.15/598,374, filed May 18, 2017, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/338,093, filed May 18, 2016. Thedisclosure of each of the above applications are incorporated herein byreference in its entirety for all purposes.

BACKGROUND

Building panels—specifically acoustically pervious ceiling panels—have atendency to sag when exposed to high-humidity environments. Thesebuilding panels, which are formed from a combination of starch, andother binders, organic and inorganic fiber, and optional filler, are putunder added stress in high-humidity environments because the amount ofwater absorbed by the building panel increases and, starch as well asmany polymeric binders are hydrophilic and lose strength when exposed tohumidity. With enough exposure to high-humidity, the structuralintegrity resulting from bond between the binder and the fiber and/orfiller is compromised causing the building panel to sag downward.Additionally, such building panels may exhibit staining on the exposedfaces after prolonged exposure to moisture.

Previous attempts at preventing such sagging and included adding largeamounts of polymeric binder to the building panel. Substitutinghydrophilic binders with high strength hydrophobic binders may increasesag resistance of the panel under humid conditions, however thesebinders are far more expensive than the existing water sensitivebinders. Thus, there exists a need for a building panel having greaterresistance to sagging and/or face-staining over prolonged periods ofexposure to moisture.

BRIEF SUMMARY

The present invention is directed to a building panel comprising: alatex binder, a fibrous material comprising a fiber pre-treated with acharge-modifying component, wherein the latex is present in a non-zeroamount ranging up to about 15 wt. % based on the total dry-weight of thebuilding panel.

In other embodiments, the present invention is directed to a buildingpanel comprising: a latex binder, a first charge-modified particle, anda fiber; wherein the first charge-modified particle comprises a firstparticle pre-treated with a charge-modifying component.

In other embodiments, the present invention is directed to a method forproducing a sag resistant building panel comprising: a) pre-treating abuilding material with a charge-modifying component to form apre-treated building material, b) mixing the pre-treated buildingmaterial with a latex binder to form an aqueous slurry, and c) formingthe building panel from the aqueous slurry, wherein the latex binder ispresent in a non-zero amount ranging up to about 15 wt. % based on thetotal dry-weight of the building panel.

Other embodiments of the present invention include a method forproducing a sag resistant building panel comprising: a) forming anaqueous slurry comprising a building material having a first ioniccharge and a charge-modifying component having a second ionic chargethat is opposite to the first charge, the aqueous slurry having a pHless than about 7, b) adding a latex binder to the aqueous slurry; andc) forming the building panel from the aqueous slurry.

Other embodiments of the present invention include a building panelcomprising: a latex binder, a fibrous material comprising a mineral woolpre-treated with a charge-modifying component having an cationic charge,wherein the latex is present in a non-zero amount ranging up to about 15wt. % based on the total dry-weight of the building panel.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes a method forproducing a sag resistant building panel comprising: a) forming anaqueous slurry comprising mineral wool and a charge-modifying componenthaving a cationic charge, the aqueous slurry having a pH less than about7, b) adding a latex binder to the aqueous slurry, the latex binderhaving an anionic charge, and c) forming the building panel from theaqueous slurry, wherein the latex binder is present in an amount rangingfrom a non-zero amount up to about 15 wt. % based on the totaldry-weight of the building panel

Other embodiments of the present invention include an acoustic ceilingpanel comprising a porous body having an upper surface opposite a lowersurface and at least one side surface extending between the uppersurface and the lower surface, the porous body comprising a latex binderand a fibrous material; a non-woven scrim adjacent to the lower surfaceof the porous body, the non-woven scrim; and a coating applied to thenon-woven scrim, the coating comprising a first hydrophobic component.

Further areas of applicability of the present invention will becomeapparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It shouldbe understood that the detailed description and specific examples, whileindicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended forpurposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope ofthe invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will become more fully understood from thedetailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is top perspective view of a building panel according to thepresent invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the building panel according to thepresent invention, the cross-sectional view being along the II line setforth in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3 is a ceiling system comprising the building panel of the presentinvention;

FIG. 4 is a flow-chart demonstrating the general method of producing thebuilding panel according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a flow-chart demonstrating a method of producing the buildingpanel according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a flow-chart demonstrating a method of producing the buildingpanel according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 top perspective view of a building panel according to anotherembodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the building panel according to thepresent invention, the cross-sectional view being along the X line setforth in FIG. 8 .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description of the preferred embodiment(s) is merelyexemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention,its application, or uses.

As used throughout, ranges are used as shorthand for describing each andevery value that is within the range. Any value within the range can beselected as the terminus of the range. In addition, all references citedherein are hereby incorporated by referenced in their entireties. In theevent of a conflict in a definition in the present disclosure and thatof a cited reference, the present disclosure controls.

Unless otherwise specified, all percentages and amounts expressed hereinand elsewhere in the specification should be understood to refer topercentages by weight. The amounts given are based on the active weightof the material.

The description of illustrative embodiments according to principles ofthe present invention is intended to be read in connection with theaccompanying drawings, which are to be considered part of the entirewritten description. In the description of embodiments of the inventiondisclosed herein, any reference to direction or orientation is merelyintended for convenience of description and is not intended in any wayto limit the scope of the present invention. Relative terms such as“lower,” “upper,” “horizontal,” “vertical,” “above,” “below,” “up,”“down,” “top,” and “bottom” as well as derivatives thereof (e.g.,“horizontally,” “downwardly,” “upwardly,” etc.) should be construed torefer to the orientation as then described or as shown in the drawingunder discussion. These relative terms are for convenience ofdescription only and do not require that the apparatus be constructed oroperated in a particular orientation unless explicitly indicated assuch.

Terms such as “attached,” “affixed,” “connected,” “coupled,”“interconnected,” and similar refer to a relationship wherein structuresare secured or attached to one another either directly or indirectlythrough intervening structures, as well as both movable or rigidattachments or relationships, unless expressly described otherwise.Moreover, the features and benefits of the invention are illustrated byreference to the exemplified embodiments. Accordingly, the inventionexpressly should not be limited to such exemplary embodimentsillustrating some possible non-limiting combination of features that mayexist alone or in other combinations of features; the scope of theinvention being defined by the claims appended hereto.

Unless otherwise specified, all percentages and amounts expressed hereinand elsewhere in the specification should be understood to refer topercentages by weight. The amounts given are based on the active weightof the material. According to the present application, the term “about”means +/−5% of the reference value. According to the presentapplication, the term “substantially free” less than about 0.1 wt. %based on the total of the referenced value.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the building panel 100 of the present inventionmay comprise a first major surface 111 opposite a second major surface112. The ceiling panel 100 may further comprise a side surface 113 thatextends between the first major surface 111 and the second major surface112, thereby defining a perimeter of the ceiling panel 100.

Referring to FIG. 3 , the present invention may further include aceiling system 1 comprising one or more of the building panels 100installed in an interior space, whereby the interior space comprises aplenary space 3 and an active room environment 2. The plenary space 3provides space for mechanical lines within a building (e.g., HVAC,plumbing, etc.). The active space 2 provides room for the buildingoccupants during normal intended use of the building (e.g., in an officebuilding, the active space would be occupied by offices containingcomputers, lamps, etc.).

In the installed state, the building panels 100 may be supported in theinterior space by one or more parallel support struts 5. Each of thesupport struts 5 may comprise an inverted T-bar having a horizontalflange 31 and a vertical web 32. The ceiling system 1 may furthercomprise a plurality of first struts that are substantially parallel toeach other and a plurality of second struts that are substantiallyperpendicular to the first struts (not pictured). In some embodiments,the plurality of second struts intersects the plurality of first strutsto create an intersecting ceiling support grid. The plenary space 3exists above the ceiling support grid and the active room environment 2exists below the ceiling support grid. In the installed state, the firstmajor surface 111 of the building panel 100 faces the active roomenvironment 2 and the second major surface 112 of the building panel 100faces the plenary space 3.

Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2 , the building panel 100 of the presentinvention may have a panel thickness t_(P) as measured from the firstmajor surface 111 to the second major surface 112. The panel thicknesst_(P) may range from about 4.0 mm to about 25.0 mm—including all valuesand sub-ranges there-between. In a preferred embodiment, the panelthickness t_(P) may range from about 4.0 mm to about 12 mm—including allvalues and sub-ranges there-between. In a preferred embodiment, thepanel thickness t_(P) may range from about 5.0 mm to about 6.0mm—including all values and sub-ranges there-between.

The side surface 113 of the building panel 100 may comprise a first sidesurface 113 a, a second side surface 113 b, a third side surface 113 c,and a fourth side surface 113 d. The first side surface 113 a may beopposite the second side surface 113 b. The third side surface 113 c maybe opposite the fourth side surface 113 d. The first and second sidesurfaces 113 a, 113 b may be substantially parallel to each other. Thethird and fourth side surfaces 113 c, 113 d may be substantiallyparallel to each other. The first and second side surfaces 113 a, 113 bmay each intersect the third and fourth side surfaces 113 c, 113 d toform the perimeter of the ceiling panel 100.

The building panel 100 may have a panel length L_(P) as measured betweenthe third and fourth side surfaces 113 c, 113 d (along at least one ofthe first and second side surfaces 113 a, 113 b). The panel length L_(P)may range from about 25.0 cm to about 300.0 cm—including all values andsub-ranges there-between. The building panel 100 may have a panel widthW_(P) as between the first and second side surfaces 113 a, 113 b (andalong at least one of the third and fourth side surfaces 113 c, 113 d).The panel width W_(P) may range from about 25.0 cm to about 125.0cm—including all values and sub-ranges there-between. The panel lengthL_(P) may be the same or different than the panel width W_(P).

The building panel 100 may comprise a body 120 having an upper surface122 opposite a lower surface 121 and a body side surface 123 thatextends between the upper surface 122 and the lower surface 121, therebydefining a perimeter of the body 120. The body 120 may have a bodythickness t_(B) that extends from the upper surface 122 to the lowersurface 121. The body thickness t_(B) may substantially equal to thepanel thickness t_(P).

The first major surface 111 of the building panel 100 may comprise thelower surface 121 of the body 120. The second major surface 112 of thebuilding panel 100 may comprise the upper surface 122 of the body 120.When the first major surface 111 of the building panel 100 comprises thelower surface 121 of the body 120 and the second major surface 112 ofthe building panel 100 comprises the upper surface 122 of the body 120,the panel thickness t_(P) is substantially equal to the body thicknesst_(B).

The body side surface 123 may comprise a first body side surface 123 a,a second body side surface 123 b, a third body side surface 123 c, and afourth body side surface 123 d. The first body side surface 123 a may beopposite the second body side surface 123 b. The third body side surface123 c may be opposite the fourth body side surface 123 d. The first sidesurface 113 a of the building panel 100 may comprise the first body sidesurface 123 a of the body 120. The second side surface 113 b of thebuilding panel 100 may comprise the second body side surface 123 b ofthe body 120. The third side surface 113 c of the building panel 100 maycomprise the third body side surface 123 c of the body 120. The fourthside surface 113 d of the building panel 100 may comprise the fourthbody side surface 123 d of the body 120.

The first and second body side surfaces 123 a, 123 b may each intersectthe third and fourth body side surfaces 123 c, 123 d to form theperimeter of the body 120. The body 120 may have a width that issubstantially equal to the panel width W_(P)—as measured between thefirst and second body side surfaces 123 a, 123 b. The body 120 may havea len45gth that is substantially equal to the panel length L_(P)—asmeasured between the third and fourth body side surfaces 123 c, 123 d.

A coating may be applied to any one of the upper surface 122, lowersurface 121, first body side surface 123 a, second body side surface 123b, third body side surface 123 c, and/or fourth body side surface 123 dof the body 120. The coating may be continuous or discontinuous. Thecoating may comprise pigment. For the coating that may be applied to thelower surface 121 of the body 120, the first major surface 111 of thebuilding panel 100 will comprise the coating. For the coating that maybe applied the side surface 123 of the body 120, the side surface 113will comprise the coating.

The body 120 may be porous, thereby allowing airflow through the body120 between the upper surface 122 and the lower surface 121—as discussedfurther herein. The body 120 may be formed from a building material anda latex binder. The body 120 may have a density of at least 75 kg/m³.

The latex binder may be present in an amount ranging from a non-zeroamount up to about 15 wt. % based on the total dry weight of the body120—including all values and sub-ranges there-between. In a preferredembodiment, the latex binder may be present in an amount ranging fromabout 1 wt. %, up to about 15 wt. % based on the total dry weight of thebody 120—including all values and sub-ranges there-between. In apreferred embodiment, the latex binder may be present in an amountranging from about non-zero amount, preferably at least 1 wt. %, up toabout 10 wt. % based on the total dry weight of the body 120—includingall values and sub-ranges there-between. The latex binder may be presentin an amount ranging from about 5 wt. % to about 8 wt. % based on thetotal dry weight of the body 120—including all value and sub-rangesthere-between.

The phrase “dry-weight” refers to the weight of a referenced componentwithout the weight of any carrier. Thus, when calculating the weightpercentages of components in the dry-state, the calculation should bebased solely on the solid components (e.g., binder, filler, hydrophobiccomponent, fibers, etc.) and should exclude any amount of residualcarrier (e.g., water, VOC solvent) that may still be present from awet-state, which will be discussed further herein. According to thepresent invention, the phrase “dry-state” may also be used to indicate acomponent that is substantially free of a carrier, as compared to theterm “wet-state,” which refers to that component still containingvarious amounts of carrier—as discussed further herein.

The latex binder may comprise a polymer having at least one functionalgroup that has an ionic charge or is capable of creating an ioniccharge. The ionic charge may be anionic or cationic. The polymer maycomprise functional groups that are both anionic and cationic, however,that polymer will exhibit a greater amount of either the anionic orcationic groups resulting in the polymer being either cationic oranionic overall.

The polymer used in the latex binder may be formed from thepolymerization product of one or more unsaturated monomers. Non-limitingexamples of unsaturated monomers include an ethylenically unsaturatedcarboxylic acid monomer, nonionic vinyl monomers, and ethylenicallyunsaturated amine containing compounds, and combinations thereof.

The unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer may include C₃-C₈ α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer having the generalformula:

where R is H, —COOX, or CH₃;

R′ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, or —CH₂—COOX; and

X is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl.

Non-limiting examples of the unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer mayinclude acrylic acid; methacrylic acid; a mixture of acrylic acid andmethacrylic acid; itaconic acid; fumaric acid; crotonic acid; aconiticacid, maleic acid, various α-substituted acrylic acids such asα-ethacrylic acid, α-propyl acrylic acid and α-butyl acrylic acid, andhalf esters of these polycarboxylic acids and mixtures of thesepolycarboxylic acids.

The carboxylic acid group present in the polymer backbone of the latexbinder may form a carboxylate ion, COO⁻, which is capable for forming anion having a negative charge (i.e., anionic charge). Thus, the amount ofcarboxylic acid groups present on the polymer backbone will impact theresulting ionic charge of the latex binder. Polymers formed from greaterrelative amounts of the unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer willincrease the anionic nature of the resulting latex binder.

The nonionic vinyl monomer may include a C₂-C₁₂ α,β-ethylenicallyunsaturated vinyl monomer. The C₂-C₁₂ α,β-ethylenically unsaturatedvinyl monomer having the general formula:

CH₂═CYZ

where Y is H, CH₃, or Cl;

Z is —COOX′, CH═CH₂, —C₆H₄—R″, CN, or Cl;

X′ is C₁-C₈ alkyl or C₂-C₈ hydroxyalkyl;

R″ is H, Cl, Br, or C₁-C₄ alkyl.

Non-limiting examples of the nonionic vinyl monomer include C₁-C₈ alkyland C₂-C₈ hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid, such asethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexylacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate,2-hydroxybutyl methacrylate; styrene, vinyltoluene, t-butylstyrene,isopropylstyrene, and p-chlorostyrene; vinyl acetate, vinyl butyrate,vinyl caprolate; acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, butadiene, isoprene,vinyl chloride vinylidene chloride, and the like. Additionally, amonovinyl ester such as ethyl acrylate or a mixture thereof withstyrene, hydroxyethyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride or vinylacetate may be preferred. The nonionic vinyl monomer describedhereinabove can be a mixture of co-monomers.

The ethylenically unsaturated amine containing compounds may becompounds having one or two unsaturated groups, as well as an aminegroup. Non-limiting examples of the ethylenically unsaturated aminecontaining compound include N-allylmethacrylamide.

The amine group present in the polymer backbone of the latex binder mayform a positively charged ion, N⁺, (i.e., cationic charge). Thus, theamount of ethylenically unsaturated amine containing compound present onthe polymer backbone will impact the resulting ionic charge of the latexbinder. Polymers formed from greater relative amounts of theethylenically unsaturated amine containing compound will increase thecationic nature of the resulting latex binder.

The polymer forming the latex binder may have a glass transitiontemperature ranging from about 50° C. to about 120° C.—including alltemperatures and sub-ranges there-between. In a preferred embodiment,the polymer forming the latex binder may have a glass transitiontemperature ranging from about 60° C. to about 110° C.—including alltemperatures and sub-ranges there-between.

The building materials of the present invention may include fiber,filler, and combinations thereof. The building material may be presentin an amount ranging from about 75 wt. % to about 99 wt. % based on thetotal weight of the body 120—including all amounts and sub-rangesthere-between.

The fibers may be organic fibers, inorganic fibers, or a blend thereof.Non-limiting examples of inorganic fibers mineral wool (also referred toas slag wool), rock wool, stone wool, and glass fibers. Non-limitingexamples of organic fiber include fiberglass, cellulosic fibers (e.g.paper fiber—such as newspaper, hemp fiber, jute fiber, flax fiber, woodfiber, or other natural fibers), polymer fibers (including polyester,polyethylene, aramid—i.e., aromatic polyamide, and/or polypropylene),protein fibers (e.g., sheep wool), and combinations thereof. The fibersmay be present in an amount ranging from about 5 wt. % to about 99 wt. %based on the total dry weight of the body 120—including all values andsub-ranges there-between.

The filler may be organic filler, inorganic filler, or a blend thereof.Non-limiting examples of inorganic filler may include powders of calciumcarbonate, including limestone, titanium dioxide, sand, barium sulfate,clay, mica, dolomite, silica, talc, perlite, gypsum, wollastonite,expanded-perlite, calcite, aluminum trihydrate, pigments, zinc oxide, orzinc sulfate. Non-limiting examples of organic filler may includeparticles of organic polymer.

The filler may be present in an amount ranging from about 25 wt. % toabout 99 wt. % based on the total dry weight of the body 120—includingall values and sub-ranges there-between. The filler may have a particlesize ranging from about 50 microns to about 700 microns—including allsizes and sub-ranges there-between. In a preferred embodiment, thefiller may have a particle size ranging from about 2.0 microns to about1000.0 microns—including all sizes and sub-ranges there-between.

The body 120 may further comprise additives—such as defoamers, wettingagents, biocides, dispersing agents, flame retardants, and the like. Theadditive may be present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt. % toabout 30 wt. % based on the total dry weight of the body 120—includingall values and sub-ranges there-between.

During manufacture of the building panel 100 of the present invention,at least one of the building materials may be pre-treated with acharge-modifying component prior to being combined with the latexbinder.

The charge-modifying component may be ionic—having either a cationic oranionic charge. Non-limiting examples of cationic charge-modifyingcomponent includes aluminum sulfate, poly(diallyldimethylammoniumchloride), and combinations thereof. The charge-modifying component maybe present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4.0 wt. %based on the total dry-weight of the body 120—including all values andsub-ranges there-between.

Referring now to FIG. 4 , the general production of the building panel100 includes, but is not limited to, first selecting a building materialthat has a first ionic charge. The first ionic charge of the buildingmaterial may be anionic or cationic. Subsequently, a charge-modifyingcomponent is added to the building material, thereby pre-treating thebuilding material with the charge-modifying component to form acharge-modified building material. The charge-modifying componentcomprises a second ionic charge that may be anionic or cationic. Thesecond ionic charge of the charge-modifying component and the firstionic charge of the building material have opposite charges.

For the purposes of this invention, the term “opposite charge” refers topositively charged ions (i.e., cation or “cationic charge”) andnegatively charged ions (i.e., anion or “anionic charge”). The ionshaving opposite charge may vary in strength. For example, the firstionic charge of the building material may have a weak anionic charge andthe second ionic charge of the charge-modifying component may have astrong cationic charge. Although the strength may differ, the first andsecond ionic charges are still opposite because each have a differentoverall net charge of positive vs. negative. The type and strength ofthe ionic charge (i.e., cationic or anionic) of a material may bemeasured according to polyelectrolyte titration with a streaming currentdetector, specifically by Mutek PCD 02 Particle Charge Analyzer. Thetitration is performed with known cationic (DADMAC) or anionic (PVSK)standards.

The charge-modified building material may then be combined with a latexbinder having a third ionic charge that may be anionic or cationic. Thethird ionic charge of the latex binder and the first ionic charge of thebuilding material have the same charge. The latex binder andcharge-modified building material may then be blended and furtherprocessed into the building panel 100 of the present invention.

For the purposes of this invention, the term “same charge” refers toions that are both either positively charged (cation or “cationiccharge”) or both negatively charged (anion or “anionic charge”). Thefirst and second ionic charges may strength so long as the overall netcharge is either both negative or both positive. For example, the firstionic charge of the building material may have a weak anionic charge andthe third ionic charge of the latex binder may have a strong anioniccharge. Although the strength may differ, the first and third ioniccharge are still the same charge because each have the same overall netcharge of positive (or negative).

As discussed, the charge-modifying component modifies the charge of atleast one of the building materials such that the resultingcharge-modified building material has greater compatibility with thelatex binder. The result is better bonding between the latex binder andthe building material, thereby providing a building panel that hasenhanced mechanical strength and greater resistance to sag inhigh-humidity environments compared to a building panel having the samerelative amount of latex binder and building material but without anypre-treatment of the building materials with the charge-modifyingcomponent. According to the present invention, the term “high-humidity”refers to environments having a relative humidity (RH) of at least 80%.

Additionally, the body 120 of the present invention is a porousstructure (also referred to as “porous body”). The body 120 may beporous enough that it allows for enough airflow through the body 120(under atmospheric conditions) for the building panel 100 to function asan acoustic ceiling panel, which requires properties related to noisereduction and sound attenuation properties—as discussed further herein.

The body 120 of the present invention may have a porosity ranging fromabout 60% to about 98%—including all values and sub-ranges therebetween. In a preferred embodiment, the body 120 has a porosity rangingfrom about 75% to 95%—including all values and sub-ranges there between.According to the present invention, porosity refers to the following:

% Porosity=[V _(Total)−(V _(Binder) +V _(Fiber) +V _(CMC) +V_(Filler))]/Total

Where V_(Total) refers to the total volume of the body 120 defined bythe upper surface 122, the lower surface 121, and the body side surfaces123. V_(Binder) refers to the total volume occupied by the latex binderin the body 120. V_(Fiber) refers to the total volume occupied by thefibers 130 in the body 120. V_(Filler) refers to the total volumeoccupied by the filler in the body 120. V_(CMC) refers to the totalvolume occupied by the charge-modifying component in the body 120. Thus,the % porosity represents the amount of free volume within the body 120.

According to the present invention, pre-treating at least one of thebuilding materials with the charge-modifying component provides abuilding panel with less latex binder that has the same mechanicalstrength and sag resistance as a building panel with no pre-treatment ofthe same building materials and more latex binder. With less latexbinder, less volume in the body 120 is occupied by the binder(V_(Binder)), thereby increasing the porosity of the body 120. Increasedporosity results in the body 120 having a better airflow (i.e., lessair-flow resistance), which translates to a building panel better suitedfor acoustical applications.

The body 120 may have an air flow resistance that is measured throughthe body 120 between the upper and lower surfaces 121, 122. Air flowresistance is a measured by the following formula:

R=(P _(A) −P _(ATM))/V

Where R is air flow resistance (measured in ohms); P_(A) is the appliedair pressure; P_(ATM) is atmospheric air pressure; and V is volumetricairflow. The air flow resistance of the body 120 may range from about0.5 ohm to about 50 ohms—including all resistances and sub-rangesthere-between. In a preferred embodiment, the airflow resistance of thebody 120 may range from about 0.5 ohms to about 35 ohms—including allresistances and sub-ranges there-between.

The body 120 of the present invention may be porous enough to exhibitsufficient airflow for the resulting building panel 100 to have theability to reduce the amount of reflected sound in a room. The reductionin amount of reflected sound in a room is expressed by a Noise ReductionCoefficient (NRC) rating as described in American Society for Testingand Materials (ASTM) test method C423. This rating is the average ofsound absorption coefficients at four ⅓ octave bands (250, 500, 1000,and 2000 Hz), where, for example, a system having an NRC of 0.90 hasabout 90% of the absorbing ability of an ideal absorber. A higher NRCvalue indicates that the material provides better sound absorption andreduced sound reflection.

The building panel 100 of the present invention exhibits an NRC of atleast about 0.5. In a preferred embodiment, the building panel 100 ofthe present invention may have an NRC ranging from about 0.60 to about0.99—including all value and sub-ranges there-between.

In addition to reducing the amount of reflected sound in a single roomenvironment, the building panel 100 of the present invention should alsobe able to exhibit superior sound attenuation—which is a measure of thesound reduction between an active room environment 2 and a plenary space3. The ASTM has developed test method E1414 to standardize themeasurement of airborne sound attenuation between room environments 3sharing a common plenary space 3. The rating derived from thismeasurement standard is known as the Ceiling Attenuation Class (CAC).Ceiling materials and systems having higher CAC values have a greaterability to reduce sound transmission through the plenary space 3—i.e.sound attenuation function. The building panels 100 of the presentinvention may exhibit a CAC value of 30 or greater, preferably 35 orgreater.

Referring now to FIG. 5 , the present invention provides a buildingpanel 100 formed from latex binder and fiber, wherein the fiber has beenpre-treated with the charge-modifying component.

According to some embodiments, the fiber may be an inorganic fiber (suchas mineral wool, fiberglass, etc.) that has a first ionic charge that isanionic. For mineral wool, the anionic nature of the first charge maystem from the inorganic metal oxides present on the mineral wool. Next,a charge-modifying component having a second ionic charge that iscationic is added to the inorganic fibers, thereby pre-treating theinorganic fibers to form a charge-modified fibrous material. The secondionic charge (cationic) of the charge-modifying component is oppositefrom the first ionic charge (anionic) of the inorganic fibers.

The pre-treatment of the inorganic fibers may be performed by adding theinorganic fibers and the charge-modifying component together in awater-containing bath (also referred to as an aqueous slurry). Thetemperature of the aqueous slurry may range from about 4.0° C. to about66.0° C.—including all temperature and sub-ranges there-between. Theaqueous slurry has maximum pH of about 7—preferably less than about 7.The inorganic fibers and the aqueous slurry may be agitated for a periodranging from about 2.0 minutes to about 60.0 minutes—including all timesand sub-ranges there-between

Subsequently, latex binder is added to the aqueous slurry. The latexbinder comprises polymer having a third ionic charge that anionic. Thethird ionic charge of the latex binder is the same charge as the firstionic charge of the inorganic fiber. The third ionic charge of the latexbinder is the opposite charge as the second ionic charge of thecharge-modifying component.

The mixture of latex binder and charge-modified fibrous material may beagitated for a period of time ranging from about 2.0 minutes to about60.0 minutes—including all times and sub-ranges there-between—and at atemperature ranging from about 4.0° C. to about 66.0° C.—including alltemperatures and sub-ranges there-between.

The aqueous slurry may then be further processed into the body 120 ofthe present invention by a standard wet-laid process. The body 120 inthe wet-state may be heated at an elevated temperature ranging fromabout 60° C. to about 300° C.—including all values and sub-rangesthere-between—to dry the body 120 from the wet-state to the dry-state.

According to this embodiment, the charge-modifying component may bepresent in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt. % to about 2.5 wt. %based on the total dry-weight of the body 120—including all amounts andsub-ranges there-between. The resulting body 120 may have a densityranging from about 100 kg/m³ to about 600 kg/m³. The total amount oflatex binder may be present in as little as about 7 wt. % based on thetotal weight of the body 120 while still exhibit sufficient mechanicalstrength to withstand sagging in high-humidity environments.

According to other embodiments, the building panel 100 may be formedfrom organic fiber (such as cellulosic fiber) having a first ioniccharge that is cationic. According to these embodiments, thecharge-modifying component may have a second ionic charge that isanionic and is added to the organic fibers, thereby pre-treating theorganic fibers to form a charge-modified fibrous material. The secondionic charge (anionic) of the charge-modifying component is oppositefrom the first ionic charge (cationic) of the organic fiber.

The pre-treatment of the organic fibers may be performed by the samemethodology set forth with respect to the pre-treatment of the inorganicfibers except that the pH of the aqueous slurry may have a maximum pH ofabout 8.0, but preferably less than about 7.0.

Next, latex binder is added to the aqueous slurry. The latex binderincludes polymer having a third ionic charge that is cationic. The thirdionic charge of the latex binder is the same charge as the first ioniccharge of the inorganic fiber. The mixture of latex binder andcharge-modified fibrous material may be further processed into the body120 according to the same process parameters as set forth with respectto the inorganic fiber, as previously discussed.

Referring now to FIG. 6 , the present invention provides a buildingpanel 100 comprising a body 120 that is formed from latex binder, fiber,and particles, wherein the particles have been pre-treated with thecharge-modifying component. The building panel 100 of these embodimentsmay further comprise a non-woven scrim coupled to the lower surface 111of the body 120 (not pictured).

According to one embodiment, the particles may be a first inorganicparticle (such as perlite) that has a first ionic charge that isanionic. Next, a charge-modifying component having a second ionic chargethat is cationic is added to the first inorganic particles, therebypre-treating the first inorganic particles to form a charge-modifiedinorganic particle. The second ionic charge (cationic) of thecharge-modifying component is opposite from the first ionic charge(anionic) of the first inorganic particles.

The pre-treatment of the first inorganic particles may be performed byadding the first inorganic particles and the first charge-modifyingcomponent together in a water-containing bath (also referred to as anaqueous slurry). The temperature of the aqueous slurry may range fromabout 4.0° C. to about 66.0° C.—including all temperature and sub-rangesthere-between. The aqueous slurry has maximum pH of about 7—preferablyless than about 7. The first inorganic particles and the firstcharge-modifying component in the aqueous slurry may be agitated for aperiod ranging from about 2.0 minutes to about 60.0 minutes—includingall times and sub-ranges there-between.

According to some embodiments, a second inorganic particle mayoptionally be added to the aqueous slurry and pre-treated with a secondcharge-modifying component. The second inorganic particle may beselected from clay, calcium carbonate, or combinations thereof. Thesecond inorganic particle may have an ionic charge that is the samecharge as the first inorganic particle—which, according to thisembodiment, is anionic. The second charge-modifying component may be thesame as the first charge-modifying component—i.e., the secondcharge-modifying component having an ionic charge that is the same asthe second ionic charge, which according to this embodiment is cationic.

According to some embodiments, the building panel may comprise only thesecond charge-modified inorganic particle and be substantially free ofthe first charge-modified inorganic particle. Stated otherwise, in someembodiments, the building panel 100 may comprise a charge-modifiedparticle of clay and/or calcium carbonate without any charge-modifiedparticles of perlite.

Next, latex binder and fiber may be added to the aqueous slurry. Thelatex binder and fiber may be added simultaneously. The fiber may beadded before the latex binder is added (or vice versa). The latex bindercomprises polymer having a third ionic charge that anionic. The thirdionic charge of the latex binder is the same as the first ionic chargeof the first inorganic particles. The fiber may be inorganic fiber andhave a fourth ionic charge that is anionic. The fourth ionic charge ofthe inorganic fiber may be the same as the first ionic charge of thefirst inorganic particles.

The mixture of latex binder, inorganic fiber, and charge-modifiedfibrous material may be agitated for a period of time ranging from about2.0 minutes to about 60.0 minutes—including all times and sub-rangesthere-between—and at a temperature ranging from about 4.0° C. to about66.0° C.—including all temperatures and sub-ranges there-between.

The aqueous slurry may then be further processed into the body 120 ofthe present invention by a standard wet-laid process. The body 120 inthe wet-state may be heated at an elevated temperature ranging fromabout 60° C. to about 300° C.—including all values and sub-rangesthere-between—to dry the body 120 from the wet-state to the dry-state.

According to this embodiment, the charge-modifying component may bepresent in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4.0 wt. %based on the total dry-weight of the body 120—including all amounts andsub-ranges there-between. The charge-modified inorganic particle may bepresent in an amount ranging from about 5 wt. % to about 60 wt. % basedon the total dry-weight of the body 120. The resulting body 120 may havea density ranging from about 100 kg/m³ to about 400 kg/m³. The totalamount of latex binder may be present in as little as about 5 wt. %based on the total weight of the body 120 while still exhibit sufficientmechanical strength to withstand sagging in high-humidity environments.

According to other embodiments, the particles may be an organic particlethat has a first ionic charge that is cationic. Next, a charge-modifyingcomponent having a second ionic charge that is anionic is added to theorganic particles, thereby pre-treating the organic particles to form acharge-modified organic particle. The second ionic charge (anionic) ofthe charge-modifying component is opposite from the first ionic charge(cationic) of the organic particles.

The pre-treatment of the organic particles may be performed by the samemethodology set forth with respect to the pre-treatment of the inorganicfibers except that the pH of the aqueous slurry may have a maximum pH ofabout 8.0, but preferably less than about 7.0.

Next, latex binder and fiber may be added to the aqueous slurry. Thelatex binder and fiber may be added simultaneously or fiber can be addedbefore the latex binder is added (or vice versa). The latex bindercomprises polymer having a third ionic charge that cationic. The thirdionic charge of the latex binder is the same as the first ionic chargeof the organic particles. The fiber may be organic fiber and have afourth ionic charge that is cationic. The fourth ionic charge of theorganic fiber may be the same as the first ionic charge of the organicparticles.

The mixture of latex binder, fiber, and charge-modified organicparticles may be further processed into the body 120 according to thesame process parameters as set forth with respect to the inorganicparticles, as previously discussed.

Referring now to FIGS. 7 and 8 , a building panel 400 is illustrated inaccordance with another embodiment of the present invention. Thebuilding panel 400 is similar to the building panel 100 except asdescribed herein below. The description of the building panel 100 abovegenerally applies to the building panel 400 described below except withregard to the differences specifically noted below. A similar numberingscheme will be used for the building panel 400 as with the buildingpanel 100 except that the 400-series of numbers will be used.

The building panel 400 may comprise a first major surface 411 opposite asecond major surface 412. The building panel 400 may further comprise aside surface 413 that extends between the first major surface 411 andthe second major surface 412, thereby defining a perimeter of theceiling panel 400. The building panel 400 may have a panel thickness tothat extends from the first major surface 411 to the second majorsurface 412. The panel thickness to may range from about 12 mm to about40 mm—including all values and sub-ranges there-between. The buildingpanel 400 exhibits superior resistance to stain-formation on at leastthe first major surface 411.

The building panel 400 may comprise a body 420 having an upper surface422 opposite a lower surface 421 and a body side surface 423 extendingbetween the upper surface 422 and the lower surface 421, therebydefining a perimeter of the body 420. The body 420 may have a bodythickness t₁ that extends from the upper surface 422 to the lowersurface 221. The body thickness t₁ may range from about 12 mm to about40 mm—including all values and sub-ranges there-between.

The body 420 is a porous structure, allowing airflow through the body420 between the upper surface 422 and the lower surface 421—as discussedfurther herein. The body 420 may be comprised of latex binder and fibers430—as previously discussed. In some embodiments, the body 420 mayfurther comprise a filler and/or additives.

The building panel 400 may further comprise a non-woven scrim 440 havinga first major surface 441 opposite a second major surface 442. Thesecond major surface 442 of the non-woven scrim 440 may face the lowersurface 421 of the body 420. In some embodiment the second major surface442 of the non-woven scrim 440 may be in direct contact with the lowersurface 421 of the body 420—there being no intervening layers. In someembodiments the non-woven scrim 440 may be adhered to the body 420 by anadhesive being present between the second major surface 442 of thenon-woven scrim 440 and the lower surface 421 of the body 420. The uppersurface 422 of the body 420 may remain exposed.

The non-woven scrim 440 of the present invention may be formed fromfiberglass. The non-woven scrim may be hydrophobic in nature. Thenon-woven scrim may have a thickness t₂ that ranges from about 0.3 mm toabout 1.0 mm—including all thicknesses and sub-ranges there-between. Thenon-woven scrim may have a first airflow resistance—as measured betweenthe first and second major surfaces 441, 442 of the non-woven scrim440—that ranges from about 40 MKS Rayls to about 250 MKS Rayls—includingall values and sub-ranges there-between. The non-woven scrim 440 mayhave a density ranging from about 50 g/m³ to about 200 g/m³—includingall densities and sub-ranges there-between.

The building panel 400 may comprise a face coating 460 applied directlyto the first major surface 441 of the non-woven scrim 440. The firstmajor surface 411 of the building panel 400 may comprise the facecoating 460. The face coating 460 may, in the dry-state, be present inan amount ranging from about 5 g/m² to about 40 g/m²—including allvalues and sub-ranges there-between. The second layer 260 may bediscontinuous.

The face coating 460 may comprise binder. Non-limiting examples ofbinder may include a polyurethane binder, polyester binder, epoxy basedbinder (i.e., cured epoxy resin), polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), a latex, anda combination of two or more thereof. The binder may be present in theface coating 460 in an amount ranging from about 1 wt. % to about 25 wt.% based on the total weight of the face coating 460—including all valuesand sub-ranges there-between.

The face coating 460 may comprise filler. Non-limiting examples offiller may include powders of calcium carbonate, including limestone,titanium dioxide, sand, barium sulfate, clay, mica, dolomite, silica,talc, perlite, polymers, gypsum, wollastonite, expanded-perlite,calcite, aluminum trihydrate, pigments, zinc oxide, or zinc sulfate. Thefiller may be present in an amount ranging from about 25 wt. % to about99 wt. % based on the total dry weight of the face coating 460—includingall values and sub-ranges there-between.

The face coating 460 may comprise a hydrophobic component. Non-limitingexamples of the hydrophobic component include waxes, silicones,fluoro-containing additives, and combinations thereof—as discussedfurther herein.

The wax may have a number average molecular weight ranging from about100 to about 10,000—including all values and sub-ranges there-between.The wax may have a melting point (Tm) ranging from about 0° C. to about150° C.—including all values and sub-ranges there-between. In apreferred embodiment, the wax may have a melting point ranging fromabout 8° C. to about 137° C.—including all values and sub-rangesthere-between. The wax may exhibits less than 20 wt. % of weight losswhen heated to a temperature of about 260° C. In a preferred embodiment,the wax may exhibits less than 12 wt. % of weight loss when heated to atemperature of about 260° C.

Non-limiting examples of wax include paraffin wax (i.e. petroleumderived wax), polyolefin wax, as well as naturally occurring waxes andblends thereof. Non-limiting examples of polyolefin wax include highdensity polyethylene (“HDPE”) wax, polypropylene wax, polybutene wax,polymethypentene wax, and combinations thereof. Naturally occurringwaxes may include plant waxes, animal waxes, and combination thereof.Non-limiting examples of animal waxes include beeswax, tallow wax,lanolin wax, animal fax based wax, and combinations thereof.Non-limiting examples of plant waxes include soy-based wax, carnaubawax, ouricouri wax, palm wax, candelilla wax, and combinations thereof.

The hydrophobic component may be applied as a water-based emulsion. Theemulsion may be anionic or non-ionic. The emulsion may have a solidcontent (i.e., the amount of wax within the hydrophobic component)ranging from about 20 wt. % to about 60 wt. % based on theemulsion—including all value and sub-ranges there-between.

The silicone may be selected from a silane, a siloxane, and blendsthereof. Non-limiting examples of siloxane include dimethysiloxane,silsesquioxane, aminoethylaminopropyl silsesquioxane,octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, and combinations thereof. In someembodiments, the siloxane may be hydroxyl terminated.

Non-limiting examples of silanes include saturated compounds havinghydrogen and silicon atoms and are bonded exclusively by single bonds.Each silicon atom has 4 bonds (either Si—R or Si—Si bonds), wherein Rmay be hydrogen (H), or a C1-C10 alkyl group—including but not limitedto methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, etc. Each R groups is joined to asilicon atom (H—Si bonds). A series of linked silicon atoms is known asthe silicon skeleton or silicon backbone. The number of silicon atoms isused to define the size of the silane (e.g., Si₂-silane). A silyl groupis a functional group or side-chain that, like a silane, consists solelyof single-bonded silicon and hydrogen atoms, for example a silyl (—SiH₃)or disilanyl group. The simplest possible silane (the parent molecule)is silane, SiH₄.

Silanes used herein may be organofunctional silanes of formula:

Y—R—Si—(R¹)_(m)(—OR²)_(3-m)

where Y is a hydroxyl group or a primary or secondary amino group and R¹and R² are the same or different, monovalent, optionally substitutedhydrocarbon groups which comprise between 1 and 12 carbon atoms and canbe interrupted with heteroatoms. Silanes operative herein illustrativelyinclude an aromatic silane or an alkyl silane. The alkyl silane maycomprise linear alkyl silane such as methyl silane, fluorinated alkylsilane, dialkyl silanes, branched and cyclic alkyl silanes etc. Anon-limiting example of the silane is octyltriethoxysilane.

Non-limiting examples of a siloxane may include silicon oil, such asacyclic and/or cyclic dimethyl silicone oil—including but not limited todimethyisiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane, octarnethyltrisiloxane,decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, andcombinations thereof.

The silicone may be a water-based emulsion blend of silane and siloxane,such as commercially available IE-6682 from Dow Corning®, IE-6692 fromDow Corning®, and IE-6694 from Dow Corning®.

The fluoro-containing additives may comprise fluorocarbon-modifiedpolyacrylate neutralized with dimethyl ethanol amine (DMEA) or afluorosurfactant. The fluorosurfactant may be nonionic or anionic. Theanionic moiety of the fluorosurfactant according to the presentinvention is selected from a sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate, orcarboxylate moiety. According to some embodiments, the fluorosurfactantof the present invention may have at least one of the followingformulas:

(R_(f)AO)S(O)₂(O⁻M⁺)   Formula I

(R_(f)AO)P(O)(O⁻M⁺)₂   Formula II

(R_(f)AO)₂P(O)(O⁻M⁺)   Formula III

(R_(f)AO)C(O)(O⁻M⁺)   Formula IV

wherein R_(f) is a C₁ to C₁₆ linear or branched perfluoroalkyl, whichmay be optionally interrupted by one, two or three ether oxygen atoms.

A is selected from: (CH₂CF₂)_(m)(CH₂)_(n); (CH₂)_(o)SO₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)_(p);O(CF₂)_(q)(CH₂)_(r); or OCHFCF₂OE;

m is 0 to 4;

n, o, p, and r, are each independently 2 to 20;

q is 2;

E is a C₂ to C₂₀ linear or branched alkyl group optionally interruptedby oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen atoms; a cyclic alkyl group, or a C₆ toC₁₀ aryl group;

M is a Group I metal or an ammonium cation (NHx(R₂)y)⁺, wherein R2 is aC₁ to C₄ alkyl; x is 1 to 4; y is 0 to 3; and x+y is 4.

The hydrophobic component may be present in an amount ranging from about0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % based on the total dry-state weight of theface coating 460—including all value and sub-ranges there-between.

According to the present invention, the building panel 400 may have theface coating 460 and non-woven scrim 440 present on the body 420 withoutsubstantially degrading the desired NRC performance of the buildingpanel 400. Specifically, the body 420 may exhibit a first NRC value asmeasured between the lower surface 421 and the upper surface 422.Additionally, when the face coating 460 and non-woven scrim 440 areapplied to the body 420, the building panel will exhibit a second NRCperformance that is at least 90% of the first NRC value, wherein the NRCvalue is measured from the lower surface 461 of the face coating 460 tothe upper surface 422 of the body 420.

The non-woven scrim 440 having the face coating 460 applied thereto mayfurther have a second airflow resistance as measured from second majorsurface 442 of the non-woven scrim 460 through the face coating 460. Thesecond airflow resistance may be between 5 times (5×) to 10 times (10×)the first airflow resistance of just the non-woven scrim 440.Non-limiting examples of the second airflow resistance may range fromabout 100 MKS Rayls to about 1,000 MKS Rayls—including all values andsub-ranges there-between.

After manufacturing the body 200, 300 of the present invention the firstlayer 250, 350, second layer 260, 360, and optionally side layers 290may be applied to the body 200, 300. Specifically, the various layersmay be applied individually, in a wet-state, by spray coating, rollcoating, dip coating, and a combination thereof—followed by drying at atemperature ranging from about 60° C. to about 300° C.—including allvalues and sub-ranges there-between.

EXAMPLES

The following experiment demonstrates the stain resistance imparted thehydrophobic scrim being used in combination with a hydrophobic facecoating. For this experiment, two sets of three building panels wereprepared (six, total). The two sets were then subjected to threedifferent side-by-side comparisons under different water-staining testconditions—as described further herein.

A first set of building panels (referred to as Example 1) was preparedsuch that each panel included a body, a non-woven scrim, and a facecoating. The body is formed from mineral fiber and a styrene latexbinder, and includes a first major surface opposite a second majorsurface. The body did not comprise a hydrophobic agent. The non-wovenscrim is formed from fiberglass and has a first major surface opposite asecond major surface. The non-woven scrim exhibits is hydrophobiccharacteristics. The second major surface of the non-woven scrim isattached to the first major surface of the body—there being nointermediate layers—and the second major surface of the body remainsexposed. The coating is applied to the first major surface of the scrim,whereby the coating comprises inorganic filler, a hydrophobic agent, anda copolymer of acrylic acid and styrene.

A second set of building panels (referred to as Comparative Example 1)was prepared such that each panel was the same as the first set ofbuilding panels of Example 6, except that no hydrophobic agent ispresent in the coating and the scrim has no hydrophobic characteristics.

Each panel of the first and second sets were oriented such that theexposed second major surface of the body faced upwards and the coatednon-woven scrim faced downward—thereby resembling the building panel inthe installed state. The panels were then subjected to the followingwater-stain tests.

Test 1 included using a first pair of panels—one panel from each thefirst and second sets—whereby water was applied to the second majorsurface of each body at a rate of 120 ml/hour for a period of 4 hourstotal.

Test 2 included using a second pair of panels—one panel from each thefirst and second sets—whereby water was applied to the second majorsurface of each body at a rate of 210 ml/hour for a period of 20 hourstotal.

Test 3 included using a third pair of panels—one panel from each thefirst and second sets—whereby water in cycles. Each cycle included waterbeing applied to the second major surface of each body at a rate of 200ml/hour for a period of 2 hours total, followed by no application ofwater for a period of 4 hours. A total of three cycles were completedfor Test 3.

After each pair of panels was subjected to the corresponding water-staintest, the amount of staining in the panel was observed by measuring theyellow color value (recorded as b* value using an LAV Xrite) on thecoated scrim and comparing it to the yellow color value of the coatedscrim recorded before being subjected to the water-stain testing. Theresulting change in color value for each building panel is set forthbelow in Table 6.

TABLE 1 Ex. 1 Comp. Ex. 1 Test 1 +0.05 yellow +5.0 yellow Test 2 +0.05yellow +2.2 yellow Test 3 +0.0 yellow +3.0 yellow

As demonstrated by Table 6, the addition of the hydrophobic agent to thecoating clearly demonstrates an improvement to stain prevention inbuilding panels having a non-woven scrim applied to a fibrous body—evenwhen the fibrous body itself does not contain a hydrophobic agent.

What is claimed is:
 1. An acoustic ceiling panel comprising: a porousbody having an upper surface opposite a lower surface and at least oneside surface extending between the upper surface and the lower surface,the porous body comprising a latex binder and a fibrous material; anon-woven scrim adjacent to the lower surface of the porous body; and acoating applied to the non-woven scrim, the coating comprising a firsthydrophobic component.
 2. The acoustic ceiling panel according to claim1, wherein the latex is present in a non-zero amount ranging up to about15 wt. % based on the total dry weight of the porous body.
 3. Theacoustic ceiling panel according to claim 1, wherein the non-woven scrimcomprises a first major surface opposite a second major surface, whereinthe first major surface is in contact with the lower surface of theporous body, and wherein the coating is applied to the second majorsurface of the non-woven scrim.
 4. The acoustic ceiling panel accordingto claim 1, wherein the first hydrophobic component comprises a siloxaneemulsion.
 5. The acoustic ceiling panel according to claim 1, whereinthe first hydrophobic component comprises an emulsion blend of siliconand siloxane.
 6. The acoustic ceiling panel according to claim 1,wherein the non-woven scrim is hydrophobic.
 7. The acoustic ceilingpanel according to claim 1, wherein the non-woven scrim is formed fromfiberglass.
 8. The acoustic ceiling panel according to claim 1, whereinthe coating is applied to the non-woven scrim in an amount ranging fromabout 5 g/m² to about 40 g/m².
 9. The acoustic ceiling panel accordingto claim 1, wherein the coating is discontinuous.
 10. The acousticceiling panel according to claim 1, wherein a back coating is applied tothe upper surface of the body, the back coating comprising a hygroscopiccomponent.
 11. The acoustic ceiling panel according to claim 11, whereinthe back coating further comprises a second hydrophobic component. 12.The acoustic ceiling panel according to claim 1, wherein the fibrousmaterial is pre-treated with a charge-modifying component.
 13. Theacoustic ceiling panel according to claim 13, wherein thecharge-modifying component is present in an amount ranging from about0.1 wt. % to about 2.5 wt. % based on the total weight of the porousbody.
 14. The acoustic ceiling panel according to claim 13, wherein thecharge-modifying component is cationic.
 15. The acoustic ceiling panelaccording to claim 13, wherein the charge-modifying component isselected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate,poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), and combinations thereof. 16.The acoustic ceiling panel according to claim 1, wherein the fibrousmaterial is an inorganic fiber selected from the group consisting ofmineral wool, fiberglass, and combinations thereof.
 17. A method ofmaking a building panel comprising: coupling a non-woven scrim to a bodycomprising a fibrous material; and applying a coating to the non-wovenscrim, the coating comprising a hydrophobic component; wherein the bodyand the coating are disposed on opposite sides of the non-woven scrim.18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the non-woven scrim ishydrophobic.
 19. The method according to claim 17, wherein thehydrophobic component is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt.% to about 10 wt. % based on a total dry weight of the coating.
 20. Acoated non-woven scrim comprising: a non-woven scrim comprisingfiberglass, wherein the non-woven scrim is hydrophobic; and a coatingapplied to the non-woven scrim, wherein the coating is present in a drystate in an amount ranging from about 5 g/m² to about 40 g/m², whereinthe coating comprises a hydrophobic component, inorganic filler, andbinder, wherein the hydrophobic component is present in an amountranging from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % based on a total dryweight of the coating, and wherein the hydrophobic component comprisesat least one of a wax, a silicone, or a fluoro-containing additive.